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In addition to providing services to qualified individuals with disabilities, Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) provides services and support to individuals with specific disabilities who will benefit from working with VR counselors and program staff with specialized knowledge, skills, and abilities. Staff specialization improves successful competitive integrated employment outcomes for these VR customers.
The VR state plan, submitted to and approved by the federal government and effective in all political subdivisions of the state, identifies goals to improve services to the following populations:
Additional populations identified in the plan include:
While specialized caseloads are not available in every field office, specialized supports are available statewide. The information in this chapter provides a brief overview of each of these specific customer populations.
Note: All policies and procedures throughout this manual are applied uniformly to all customers, regardless of whether they are also identified as part of a "specialized population."
The following terminology is used throughout this manual when referring to individuals who may be eligible for VR services due to a visual impairment.
This is a global term "visual Impairment" includes the following:
Note: The visual acuity to be used is the best corrected distance acuity. Best correction is the best visual acuity obtained with a simple refraction (glasses or contact lenses), not with a low vision aid, such as a telescopic aid. An ophthalmologist or optometrist must
Individuals who are eligible for VR services and have a visual impairment as their primary disability are seen by a VR counselor who specializes in working with individuals with visual impairments.
A neurodevelopmental disorder is defined as autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disabilities, or specific learning disabilities. Improvement is achieved using services specific to these disabilities, such as Employment Specialists with the Autism Endorsement, Autism Spectrum Disorder Support, and the Environmental Work Assessment. Additionally, statewide training on neurodevelopmental disorders is available for all staff from the State Office Program Specialist for Autism and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
For more information, see VRSM C-800: Neurodevelopmental and Psychological Services.
The comprehensive statewide needs assessment(CSNA) identified other underserved populations such as youth transitioning from high school and individuals with mental illness. These results are consistent with the priority areas identified in early 2014 during the legacy Texas Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services' (DARS) strategic planning process for Fiscal Years 2015–2019 (FY'15–19).
For more information, see VRSM C-800: Neurodevelopmental and Psychological Services.
Regardless of their eligibility for services from the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), veteran customers with disabilities may benefit from VR services. The type of discharge from military, naval, or air service does not affect eligibility for VR services. Providing services to veterans with disabilities is a priority for VR. More veterans can benefit from VR services if they are aware of the services and how to access them.
If a veteran receives services from the VA's Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (VR&E), the VR counselor refers to the memorandum of agreement (MOA) between VR and the VA (or reviews the accessible version of the MOA). The MOA provides guidance about referral and service delivery processes between the VA and VR.
For questions about the MOA or assistance in developing a relationship with the VA, contact the Texas Workforce Commission's VR State Office Program Specialist for Veterans and Behavioral Health.
When communicating with veterans, it is important to know key terms used by the VA. For a former service member to receive certain benefits from the VA, the individual must be a veteran as defined in this section.
Generally referred to as a "DD 214," this certificate is a US Department of Defense document, issued upon a military service member's retirement, separation, or discharge from active duty. A veteran may get a replacement DD Form 214 through:
Fax number: 314-801-9195
Mailing address:
National Personnel Records Center
Military Personnel Records
1 Archives Drive
St. Louis, Missouri 63138
A disability incurred or aggravated in the line of duty in active military, naval, or air service.
A veteran with a disability that is service-connected.
An individual who served in the active military, naval, or air service and was discharged or released under conditions other than dishonorable. This includes a member of the National Guard or reserve components who is activated for federal military service and serves the full period of activation.
Sometimes referred to as the Chapter 31 program, VR&E is a program administered by the VA that provides services to eligible service members and veterans with service-connected disabilities to help them prepare for, secure, and maintain employment or achieve independence in daily living.
The basic period of eligibility in which VR&E benefits may be used is 12 years from the later of:
Veterans have unique VR needs. Disabilities incurred or aggravated in the line of duty in active military, naval, or air service can hinder readjustment to civilian life. As the veteran population grows, the number of veterans who are blind, visually impaired, or hard of hearing is expected to increase.
Benefits through the VA are not universally available to veterans with disabilities due to geographic barriers or extensive waiting lists. Additionally, veterans with a non-service–connected disability might not be eligible for the VA's VR&E services.
It is the applicant's choice to disclose his or her veteran's status. It is recommended that staff members, when interviewing applicants, ask whether the applicant has ever served in the active military, naval, or air service and whether they were discharged or released under conditions other than dishonorable, because some applicants may not know that they are considered veterans.
Depending on the length of program needed, veterans may be provided up to 48 months of full-time services or the part-time equivalent. Rehabilitation plans that provide services to improve independence in daily living only are limited to 30 months. These limitations may be extended in certain circumstances.
Under final §361.28(a)(2), which remains unchanged from previous regulations, VR services provided under a third-party cooperative arrangement are only available to applicants for, or recipients of, services from the VR program. Given amendments made by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), particularly new provisions in §103(b)(7), regarding transition services to groups of students and youth with disabilities, and §113, regarding the provision of pre-employment transition services (Pre-ETS) to students with disabilities, it is possible that some of these services will be provided to youth or students with disabilities who have not yet applied or been determined eligible for VR services. This means that these students and youth with disabilities would be considered "recipients" of VR services for purposes of final §361.28. As such, designated state units can enter third-party cooperative arrangements for the provision of these group transition services or Pre-ETS as long as all requirements of final §361.28 are satisfied.
Under WIOA, TWC is charged with expanding and improving VR services, including Pre-ETS, for students with disabilities who are transitioning from high school to postsecondary education and/or employment, and improve coordination with state and local secondary and postsecondary educational entities.
WIOA also charges TWC with providing supported employment services to youth and other individuals with the most significant disabilities who require extended support to achieve and maintain an employment outcome.
Additionally, the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the Texas Education Agency enables data sharing to more accurately assess the number of students with disabilities who may be eligible or potentially eligible to receive Pre-ETS. VR continues to conduct active outreach and recruitment to ensure that Supported Employment Assessment personnel, local education agencies, community partners, and students are aware of the availability of Pre-ETS and the ways in which VR can partner with schools to provide Pre-ETS services that complement services available under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
For more information, see C-1300: Transition Services for Students and Youth with Disabilities.
A customer receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or another Title II disability benefit based on disability must be given unique considerations during the VR process as stated in 34 CFR §361.42.
"(3) Presumption of eligibility for Social Security recipients and beneficiaries. (i) Any applicant who has been determined eligible for Social Security benefits under title II or title XVI of the Social Security Act is—
(A) Presumed eligible for vocational rehabilitation services under paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section; and
(B) Considered an individual with a significant disability as defined in §361.5(c)(29).
(ii) If an applicant for vocational rehabilitation services asserts that he or she is eligible for Social Security benefits under title II or title XVI of the Social Security Act (and, therefore, is presumed eligible for vocational rehabilitation services under paragraph (a)(3)(i)(A) of this section), but is unable to provide appropriate evidence, such as an award letter, to support that assertion, the State unit must verify the applicant's eligibility under title II or title XVI of the Social Security Act by contacting the Social Security Administration. This verification must be made within a reasonable period of time that enables the State unit to determine the applicant's eligibility for vocational rehabilitation services within 60 days of the individual submitting an application for services in accordance with §361.41(b)(2).
(4) Achievement of an employment outcome. Any eligible individual, including an individual whose eligibility for vocational rehabilitation services is based on the individual being eligible for Social Security benefits under title II or title XVI of the Social Security Act, must intend to achieve an employment outcome that is consistent with the applicant's unique strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice."
"(b) Interim determination of eligibility. (1) The designated State unit may initiate the provision of vocational rehabilitation services for an applicant on the basis of an interim determination of eligibility prior to the 60-day period described in §361.41(b)(2).
(2) If a State chooses to make interim determinations of eligibility, the designated State unit must—
(i) Establish criteria and conditions for making those determinations;
(ii) Develop and implement procedures for making the determinations; and
(iii) Determine the scope of services that may be provided pending the final determination of eligibility.
(3) If a State elects to use an interim eligibility determination, the designated State unit must make a final determination of eligibility within 60 days of the individual submitting an application for services in accordance with §361.41(b)(2)."
"(B) Considered an individual with a significant disability as defined in §361.5(c)(29).
(ii) If an applicant for vocational rehabilitation services asserts that he or she is eligible for Social Security benefits under title II or title XVI of the Social Security Act (and, therefore, is presumed eligible for vocational rehabilitation services under paragraph (a)(3)(i)(A) of this section), but is unable to provide appropriate evidence, such as an award letter, to support that assertion, the State unit must verify the applicant's eligibility under title II or title XVI of the Social Security Act by contacting the Social Security Administration. This verification must be made within a reasonable period of time that enables the State unit to determine the applicant's eligibility for vocational rehabilitation services within 60 days of the individual submitting an application for services in accordance with §361.41(b)(2).
(4) Achievement of an employment outcome. Any eligible individual, including an individual whose eligibility for vocational rehabilitation services is based on the individual being eligible for Social Security benefits under title II or title XVI of the Social Security Act, must intend to achieve an employment outcome that is consistent with the applicant's unique strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice."
"(3) Individuals entitled to benefits under title II or XVI of the Social Security Act. For individuals entitled to benefits under title II or XVI of the Social Security Act on the basis of a disability or blindness, the State unit must provide to the individual general information on additional supports and assistance for individuals with disabilities desiring to enter the workforce, including assistance with benefits planning."
If there is a need to further evaluate a customer's ability to achieve an employment outcome due to the severity of his or her disability, a Pre-eligibility Trial Work Plan must be completed on the day that benefits are verified. If benefits are verified and the customer is not present to complete the Pre-eligibility Trial Work Plan, the VR counselor contacts the customer and schedule to complete this as soon as possible.
For more information, see B-310: Trial Work Services.
When a customer asserts eligibility for SSDI, SSI, or another Title II disability benefit based on disability, but cannot provide evidence, such as an award letter, verification must be obtained.
To verify eligibility for SSDI, SSI, or another Title II disability benefit based on disability, customers may do one of the following:
If the customer is unable to obtain verification through the options above, the counselor may contact Social Security Administration Vocational Rehabilitation (SSAVR) for verification. However, information obtained through SSAVR may not provide enough evidence for presumptive eligibility because the information provided might not specify if disability is the basis for SSI eligibility.
SSAVR verifies benefits as a courtesy to VR counselors when there is no other way to verify that an applicant is eligible for SSDI, SSI, or another Title II disability benefit based on disability.
For assistance with this process, contact a benefits subject matter resource staff member.
Customers eligible for SSDI or SSI based on disability cannot be required to participate in the cost of VR services based on liquid income or resources exceeding the basic living requirements in D-203-4: Customer Contribution to the Cost of Services; this is the case regardless of the customer's financial situation.
However, the best value purchasing approach in D-203-2: Best Value Purchasing and the comparable benefits analysis under D-203-3: Use of Comparable Benefits do apply to customers eligible for SSDI, SSI, or another Title II disability benefit based on disability.
Based on 34 CFR Section §361.54(b)(3)(ii)
With appropriate consent forms, state VR agencies and the SSA or Disability Determination Services (DDS) may exchange records about specific individuals.
DDS may request records for certain customers as part of the disability determination process. The customer's records can be released to DDS only after VR receives:
For additional information on releasing customer records and information, see VRSM A-207: Confidentiality and Use of Customer Records and Information.
To obtain records from the SSA office or from DDS, follow the procedure in A-306-5: Releasing Records to DDS and Obtaining Records from the SSA.
SSA should not charge for these records, as stated in the SSA Program Operations Manual Section DI 13510.030, Instructions for Providing Medical Information to State Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) Agencies for VR Cost Reimbursement or Ticket to Work (TTW) Program.
For medical records from DDS, VR staff completes SSA Form 3288, Social Security Administration Consent for Release of Information.
For records from an SSA local field office, VR staff completes VR3310, DDS Request for Records and, for questions, review the SSA's description of records available to request.
Customers can use federal work incentive programs to reach employment goals, earn a living wage, and achieve self-sufficiency. However, customers need accurate information about how their earnings will impact cash and health care benefits.
VR staff provides customers with accurate information about SSDI, SSI, or other Title II disability benefits and work incentives at the start of and throughout the VR process. Providing customers with accurate information about SSI, SSDI, or other Title II disability benefits aids in coordinating and providing services as outlined in the customer's IPE.
VR staff completes the steps below to incorporate benefits, work incentives, and planned support and services into the VR process:
WIPA programs, which are funded through SSA grant, employ individuals who are certified by SSA to provide customers with accurate and thorough benefits and work incentives information.
Certain WIPA programs accept a fee for service from VR. WIPA programs accepting fees for service can serve customers statewide, have short wait times, and all documents are shared with the referring VR counselor.
Benefits planning services can be purchased only from the following SSA grant-funded WIPA programs:
See a list of all WIPA programs.
To purchase WIPA benefits planning services, you must first determine if the customer is eligible for SSI, SSDI, or another Title II benefit based on disability. If the customer has not been determined eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI) based on disability. If the customer is not eligible for SSDI or another Title II disability benefit or SSI based on disability, you may purchase assistance with applying for Medicaid Buy-In (MBI). This is the only service you may purchase under benefits planning for a customer not receiving SSI and/or SSDI or another Title II disability benefit.
Once eligibility is established, VR purchases WIPA benefits services using the following process:
Use the MAPS code "WIPA" in RHW when issuing a service authorization for any of these services.
If certain conditions are met, VR receives cost reimbursement from SSA. When SSA provides VR with reimbursement, it is paying for the cost of the services provided to customers who are recipients of SSI, SSDI, or another Title II disability benefit.
Cost reimbursement from SSA requires the customer to meet the following criteria:
For a complete explanation of SSA VR cost reimbursement, see the SSA VR Reimbursement Program webpage.
"(i) Coordination with ticket to work and self-sufficiency program. The vocational rehabilitation services portion of the Unified or Combined State Plan must include an assurance that the designated State unit will coordinate activities with any other State agency that is functioning as an employment network under the Ticket to Work and Self-Sufficiency Program established under section 1148 of the Social Security Act (42 USC 1320b-19)."
The Ticket to Work Program (TTW) is a voluntary program developed and administered by SSA for customers ages 18 to 64 who receive SSA disability benefits.
The program offers expanded options for:
TTW services are provided by employment networks (ENs) as defined by SSA. All state VR agencies have the option of providing VR services under the traditional SSA/VR cost reimbursement program or as an EN through TTW. VR provides services to TTW customers under the traditional SSA/VR cost reimbursement program.
There are many private providers and organizations that are ENs. See a complete list of ENs in the United States.
The VR counselor informs each customer receiving SSA disability benefits that developing an IPE with VR initiates ticket assignment under TTW, and that the customer's ticket:
If certain conditions are met, VR receives cost reimbursement from SSA. When SSA provides VR with reimbursement, it is paying for the cost of the services provided to customers who receive SSDI or SSI benefits based on disability.
Cost reimbursement from SSA requires the customer to meet the following criteria:
For a complete explanation of SSA VR cost reimbursement, see the SSA VR Ticket to Work webpage.
It is extremely important to check a customer's ticket status at application. Use the following process to check customer ticket status:
In some situations, the State Office Program Specialist for Federal Planning, SSA, and Ticket to Work may identify customers with tickets assigned to ENs. The VR counselors assigned to those customers' cases will be notified by email that the customers' tickets are already assigned to an EN. When VR staff receives this email, notify the customer that the ticket is assigned and follow the procedures previously outlined.
SSA's Ticket to Work Partnership Plus Program allows TWC-VR and ENs to partner to provide long-term job support services to ticket customers after VR case closure. The VR/EN partnership also gives ticket customers an opportunity to receive continued exemption from SSA's medical continuing disability reviews (MCDRs). The TTW Partnership Plus Program should be considered at case closure when a customer is:
To activate the TTW Partnership Plus Program, the customer assigns his or her ticket to the new EN after VR case closure.
Employment advancement payments for Community Rehabilitation Programs (CRPs) that are also ENs and partner with VR under the Ticket to Work Partnership Plus program are eligible for two EN employment advancement payments from VR in addition to ticket payments the EN receives from SSA under the TTW program.
The payments are only made after a customer's VR case is closed and assigned to the CRP-EN that provided CRP services to the customer during the provision of VR services. To issue a service authorization for these services, the VR case must be in post-employment status.
The CRP-EN provides services necessary for the customer to retain and advance in employment to the point that the customer achieves one month of gross monthly pay that meets or exceeds substantial gainful activity (SGA) guidelines for the year in which the income was earned.
This payment is available only during the first 12 months after VR case closure. For Supported Employment (SE) only, the CRP must be identified as a primary provider on VR1616B, Supported Employment Service Closure Summary, and the necessary long-term support to be provided by the CRP must be outlined on the form.
The CRP-EN must notify the VR counselor in writing at least 30 days before the CRP-EN anticipates that the customer will achieve the required income level so that appropriate service authorizations may be issued.
The following documents are required as proof that the customer's ticket is currently assigned to the CRP-EN for which a service authorization is to be issued:
The first EN advancement outcome is achieved when:
The first EN employment advancement payment must be made within 12 months after VR case closure.
Payment (see the VR Standards for Providers Chapter 13: Work Readiness Services, 13.18 Work Readiness Services Fee Schedule) is made when the VR counselor receives and approves:
The CRP-EN provides services necessary for the customer to retain and advance in employment to the point that the customer achieves eight of 12 consecutive months of gross monthly pay that meets or exceeds 105 percent of SGA for the year in which the income was earned. This payment is available only during the first 18 months after the first EN employment advancement payment.
The CRP-EN must notify the VR counselor in writing at least 30 days before the CRP-EN anticipates that the customer will achieve the required income level for appropriate service authorizations to be issued.
The following documents are required as proof that the customer's ticket is currently assigned to the CRP-EN for which a service authorization is to be issued:
The second EN employment advancement outcome is achieved when:
The second EN employment advancement payment must be made within 18 months after the first payment.
Payment for the second EN employment advancement (see the VR Standards for Providers Chapter 13: Work Readiness Services, 13.18 Work Readiness Services Fee Schedule) is made when the VR counselor receives and approves:
For assistance with this process, contact the State Office Program Specialist for Federal Planning, SSA, and Ticket to Work.
SSA conducts MCDRs to determine whether SSI and SSDI recipients' disabilities continue. MCDRs are usually conducted based on an established diary date set by SSA. The BPQY lists the next diary date set by SSA.
If an unfavorable decision is issued by SSA because of an MCDR, the individual is terminated from SSA benefits. SSA exempts certain individuals from MCDRs if they are participating in TTW or VR services.
Once an IPE is signed, TWC-VR operations staff from the central office notifies SSA that the customer has an open case with TWC-VR; SSA then sends a letter to the customer to verify that he or she is receiving services from TWC-VR. While a customer has an open case with TWC-VR, SSA assigns one of two ticket statuses: "In Use SVR" or "Not in Use SVR-FTPR."
Customers with status "In Use SVR":
Customers with status "Not in Use SVR-FTPR":
SSA sends a letter to the customer if MCDR is going to be initiated. If a customer with an open VR case receives this notification, the VR counselor contacts the VR benefits subject matter resource staff member. The benefits subject matter resource staff member works with the State Office Program Specialist for Benefits and Liaison to Long-Term Support Services (LTSS) and/or State Office Program Specialist for Benefits and Work Incentives to determine if the initiation of MCDR was appropriate. If it was not, these state office VR program specialists assist in requesting that SSA stop the MCDR.
Section 301 payments are the continuation of SSI/SSDI benefit payments and Medicaid/Medicare after MCDR is conducted and an unfavorable decision has been issued. SSA has processes in place to identify potential Section 301 cases and to make Section 301 determinations on those cases.
Section 301 payments are authorized when a customer:
Section 301 payments continue until one of the following occurs:
If a customer has received an unfavorable decision as the result of MCDR, the customer might be eligible for continued cash payments and health care under Section 301. Advise the customer to contact SSA to verify participation in VR services and request a determination of eligibility for continuation of benefits under Section 301.
VR counselors are expected to participate in opportunities to educate the community at large, and help to create and sustain local partnerships to provide employment services and supports for individuals with disabilities of all minority backgrounds.
TWC-VR engages in numerous programs and activities designed to inform and make available VR and supported employment services to individuals with minority backgrounds and individuals who have the most significant disabilities.
Examples of these activities include:
As local opportunities to reach out to minority groups arise, or there are questions about outreach methods and best practices, VR counselors are encouraged to communicate about these opportunities with and seek guidance from their VR Supervisor, VR Manager, and regional or state office subject matter experts as needed.
Section 511 of the Rehabilitation Act of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), requires that employers holding special wage certificates under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) comply with certain requirements before hiring individuals at subminimum wage (SMW), or to continue paying SMW to participants. Regardless of age, individuals with disabilities referred to VR who are, or are expected to be, employed at SMW must receive career counseling and information and referral services designed to promote opportunities for competitive integrated employment.
The following terminology is specific to the policies and procedures throughout A-309: Subminimum Wage Recipients:
There are three groups of individuals who earn subminimum wage that require career counseling and information and referral services. The specific requirements apply to each of the following groups:
All individuals earning SMW or piece rate hired by a 14c before July 22, 2016, regardless of age, must have received, no later than July 22, 2017, and annually thereafter, career counseling services, which include information on and referral to other employment assistance available in the individual's community.
Any individual older than 24 who is hired by a 14c after July 22, 2016, and who earns SMW or piece rate must receive career counseling and information and referral services once within the first six months of employment, once within the second six months of employment, and annually thereafter if he or she continues to earn SMW.
Group Three is made up of two subgroups—individuals not older than 24 and individuals not older than 21.
The following requirements apply to all individuals in Group Three who want to work at SMW or piece rate, and these individuals cannot earn SMW or piece rate until all requirements are satisfied:
This individual can now be paid SMW. The individual must provide all required documents to the 14c. Per WIOA, the only individual authorized to receive completed Section 511 documents is this individual.
If the individual is found ineligible for VR services, VR staff must do the following:
This individual can now be paid SMW. The individual must provide all required documents to the 14c. Per WIOA, the only individual authorized to receive completed Section 511 documents is this individual.
This individual can now be paid SMW. The individual must provide all required documents to the 14c. Per WIOA, the only individual authorized to receive the completed Section 511 documents is the individual.
Note: During the time that a Group Three individual has an open case with VR, the individual cannot earn SMW.
(Authority: Sections 7(5), 7(39), 12(c), 102(a) and (b), 103(a), 113, and 511(a) and (d) of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended; 29 USC §§705(5), 705(39), 709(c), 722(a) and (b), 723(a), 733, and 794g(a) and (d); Workforce Innovation Technical Assistance Center)
The point of contact (POC) must do the following:
To prepare for a premeeting, VR staff must determine the approximate number of individuals earning SMW at the facility and do the following:
During the premeeting, VR staff must do the following:
Note: For additional guidance on documents to be sent to all parties involved, see the WIOA Section 511 Chart, Who Receives Documents and When. VR staff must do the following:
POC must do the following:
If an individual is interested in applying for VR services, VR staff must do the following:
State-level staff will hold all copies of completed career counseling documents. The VR counselor may destroy the hard copies of these forms after the scanned forms have been sent to state office.
If a participant or guardian refuses participation, VR staff must provide documentation to the individual within 10 calendar days of the refusal to participate. VR staff must use the VR5110, Refusal to Participate in TWS-VRS WIOA Section 511 Required Activities form.
Refusal to participate means that the individual cannot accept SMW. The individual can attend the workshop or go to the facility, but he or she cannot earn less than minimum wage.
If an individual or guardian wants clarification or more information about Section 511 requirements, he or she can contact DOL's Wage and Hour Division through the agency's website (https://www.dol.gov/whd/specialemployment/).
If a 14c wants more information on WIOA or needs clarification of responsibilities under the Act, the 14c can contact DOL's Wage and Hour Division Regional Office in Dallas:
Southwest Regional Office
525 S. Griffin Street, Suite 800
Dallas, Texas 75202
Phone: 972-850-2550